Scours, respiratory disease and immunity in the first weeks. Hygiene, climate and feeding that keep calves on track.
Choosing the right milk replacer requires considering the calf’s age and rearing phase, as well as nutrient content, protein and fat sources, digestibility, gut-supporting additives, solubility, and cost.
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This article explains how to provide newborn calves with high-quality colostrum quickly and in sufficient quantities, assess its antibody content, maintain hygiene, and prepare for situations when the dam cannot provide an adequate supply.
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This article compares ad-libitum and restrictive milk feeding, explains the key management requirements, and presents trial results on how intensive early nutrition can support calf growth, health, organ development, and later milk production.
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